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Saudi Arabia-Germany Bilateral Trade Analysis 2023

Complete trade statistics: $12.18B total volume •Saudi Arabia deficit: $6.90B

Saudi Arabia → Germany

$2.64B

Exports (2023)

Germany → Saudi Arabia

$9.54B

Imports (2023)

Trade Balance

$6.90B

Deficit for Saudi Arabia

Total Trade

$12.18B

Combined Volume

Trade Flow Visualization

Direct trade relationship between Saudi Arabia and Germany. Green line shows exports from Saudi Arabia, red line shows imports.

Detailed Product Trade Analysis

Comprehensive breakdown of trade flows by product category, revealing the specialized nature of the Saudi Arabia-Germany commercial relationship and competitive positioning in global markets.

Saudi Arabia → Germany Exports

$2.64B

2023 Total

Export Market Intelligence

Product Diversity:

Highly Diversified

Market Share:

59.4% top product

1Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude

$1.57B

59.4% of exports

2Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude: preparations n.e.c. containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals: these being the basic constituents of the preparations: waste oils

$261.84M

9.9% of exports

3Waste and scrap of precious metals: waste and scrap of precious metals including metal clad with precious metals, other than that of gold and platinum and excluding ash which contains precious metal or precious metal compounds

$155.86M

5.9% of exports

4Propylene, other olefin polymers: polypropylene in primary forms

$48.29M

1.8% of exports

5Cyclic hydrocarbons: styrene

$41.95M

1.6% of exports

6Ethylene polymers: in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more

$35.56M

1.3% of exports

7Ethylene polymers: in primary forms, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94

$34.87M

1.3% of exports

8Catalysts, supported: reaction initiators, reaction accelerators and catalytic preparations, with precious metal or precious metal compounds as the active substance, n.e.c. or included

$33.91M

1.3% of exports

9Waste and scrap of precious metals: of platinum, including metal clad with platinum but excluding sweepings containing other precious metals

$24.39M

0.9% of exports

10Engines: for aircraft, spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines

$23.46M

0.9% of exports

🎯 Strategic Export Focus

Saudi Arabia's export portfolio to Germany demonstrates strong diversification across multiple sectors, with oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude representing a key competitive advantage in this bilateral market.

Germany → Saudi Arabia Imports

$9.54B

2023 Total

Import Dependency Profile

Supply Diversity:

Well Diversified

Critical Imports:

8.4% concentration

1Aeroplanes and other aircraft: of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000kg

$797.42M

8.4% of imports

2Tractors: road, for semi-trailers

$429.13M

4.5% of imports

3Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity not over 1000cc

$423.67M

4.4% of imports

4Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1500 but not over 3000cc

$420.83M

4.4% of imports

5Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale

$380.87M

4.0% of imports

6Reagents: diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing and prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents whether or not on a backing, other than those of heading no. 3002 or 3006: certified reference material

$221.88M

2.3% of imports

7Blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products: immunological products, put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale

$189.24M

2.0% of imports

8Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. exceeding 20 tonnes), n.e.c. in item no 8704.1

$156.29M

1.6% of imports

9Medicaments: containing penicillins, streptomycins or their derivatives, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale

$127.63M

1.3% of imports

10Inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, n.e.c.: amalgams

$123.65M

1.3% of imports

📦 Import Strategy Analysis

Saudi Arabia's import pattern from Germany reveals significant dependencyin aeroplanes and other aircraft: of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000kg, highlighting complementary economic structures and potential supply chain optimization opportunities.

Competitive Trade Position Analysis

🏆

Market Leadership

Saudi Arabia demonstrates competitive strength in exportingoils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude to Germany, leveraging comparative advantages.

Export Leader in 20+ Categories

🔄

Trade Complementarity

The bilateral relationship showsmoderatecomplementarity, with each country specializing in different sectors.

Specialized Exchange

📈

Growth Potential

The $12.18B trade volume indicates substantial economic integration with room for expansion in emerging sectors.

Major Partnership

Executive Summary: Saudi Arabia-Germany Trade Relationship

Key Trade Highlights 2023

Total Trade Volume: $12.18 billionrepresenting a significant bilateral economic relationship
Trade Balance: Saudi Arabia maintains a deficit of $6.90 billion
Export Focus: Saudi Arabia's primary exports include oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude, petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude: preparations n.e.c. containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals: these being the basic constituents of the preparations: waste oils, waste and scrap of precious metals: waste and scrap of precious metals including metal clad with precious metals, other than that of gold and platinum and excluding ash which contains precious metal or precious metal compounds
Import Dependencies: Key imports from Germany include aeroplanes and other aircraft: of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000kg, tractors: road, for semi-trailers, vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity not over 1000cc

Strategic Trade Indicators

Trade IntensityHigh

Export DiversificationDiversified

Trade Balance HealthImbalanced

📈 Market Position: This bilateral trade relationship represents a significant global trade partnerships, with complementary economic strengths driving sustained commercial exchange.

Historical Trade Analysis & Economic Context

Trade Evolution Timeline

2019-2023: Recent Trends

Current trade volume of $12.18B represents the culmination of evolving bilateral commercial relationships, influenced by global supply chain shifts and changing economic priorities.

2015-2019: Growth Period

Sustained expansion in bilateral trade driven by complementary economic structures, with Saudi Arabia leveraging its comparative advantages in oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude.

2010-2015: Foundation Building

Establishment of modern trade frameworks and reduction of barriers, facilitating increased commercial exchange and investment flows between the two economies.

Pre-2010: Early Development

Initial stages of bilateral trade relationship development, with focus on traditional export-import patterns and gradual market integration.

Key Economic Drivers

Comparative Advantage

Saudi Arabia's specialization in oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crudecomplements Germany's demand patterns, creating natural trade synergies.

Supply Chain Integration

Deep integration in global value chains has strengthened bilateral linkages, particularly in aeroplanes and other aircraft: of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000kg.

Market Access & Trade Policy

Favorable trade agreements and market access conditions have facilitated the growth of this $12.18B bilateral relationship.

Trade Pattern Insights

Trade ComplementarityAsymmetric

Seasonal VariationsModerate

Product ConcentrationLow

Market DependencyHigh

🔮

Trade Relationship Outlook

The $12.18B bilateral trade volume positions this relationship for continued growth, supported by technological advancement, evolving consumer preferences, and strengthening economic ties. Key opportunities lie in expanding cooperation in emerging sectors while managing potential supply chain vulnerabilities.

Economic Impact & Strategic Outlook

Economic Impact Assessment

💰

Trade Volume Impact

The $12.18 billion bilateral trade volume represents a significant economic factorfor both economies.

Economic Significance: High

🏭

Industrial Integration

Trade flows in oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude and aeroplanes and other aircraft: of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000kg demonstrate deep industrial linkages and supply chain integration.

Supply Chain Integration: Diversified

⚖️

Trade Balance Effects

Saudi Arabia's trade deficit of $6.90 billion impacts its overall economic position in this bilateral relationship.

Balance Impact: Import Dependency

Strategic Future Outlook

🚀Growth Opportunities

Emerging Sectors

Technology transfer and innovation cooperation in petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude: preparations n.e.c. containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals: these being the basic constituents of the preparations: waste oils present expansion opportunities.

Market Diversification

Beyond current focus on aeroplanes and other aircraft: of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000kg, new product categories offer potential for trade expansion.

⚠️Risk Factors

Supply Chain Vulnerabilities

High trade imbalance may create supply chain risks

Market Competition

Global competition in oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude may affect future market positioning.

🎯Strategic Recommendations

Strengthen cooperation in high-value sectors beyond current trade patterns
Develop alternative supply chains to reduce dependency risks
Explore joint ventures in emerging technology sectors
Enhance trade facilitation and reduce transaction costs

Market Position & Competitive Summary

The bilateral trade relationship between Saudi Arabia and Germany represents a total trade volume of $12.18 billion in 2023. This partnership demonstrates an unfavorable trade balance for Saudi Arabia, with imports exceeding exportsby $6.90 billion.

Export Strengths

Saudi Arabia's exports to Germany total $2.64 billion, with competitive advantages in oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude, representing $1.57B or59.4% of bilateral exports.

Import Dependencies

Imports from Germany amount to $9.54 billion, highlighting economic interdependence in aeroplanes and other aircraft: of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000kg, with Aeroplanes and other aircraft: of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000kg comprising8.4% of total imports.

The trade relationship reflects broader economic patterns and comparative advantages. The trade deficit indicates Saudi Arabia's strategic sourcing from Germany. This partnership is characterized by complementary trade flows, with each country specializing in different product categories based on their respective economic strengths, industrial capabilities, and position in global value chains.

Download Bilateral Trade Data

Access detailed trade data between Saudi Arabia and Germany in multiple formats.

Data Source: CEPII BACI (Base pour l'Analyse du Commerce International) • Last Updated: January 2025 • Coverage: 1995-2023